Foveolar Cells

Definition

Foveolar cells are the predominant cell type found in the stomach's gastric pits, also known as foveolae. These specialized epithelial cells play a crucial role in the production and secretion of mucus, which helps protect the stomach lining from the corrosive effects of gastric acid.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Foveolar cells are the most numerous cell type in the stomach, accounting for up to 60% of the epithelial cells in the gastric mucosa.
2. These cells secrete a thick, adherent mucus layer that covers the entire surface of the stomach, providing a protective barrier against the corrosive effects of gastric acid.
3. The mucus secreted by foveolar cells contains bicarbonate ions, which help neutralize the acidity of the stomach contents, further protecting the underlying tissue.
4. Foveolar cells also play a role in the regulation of gastric acid secretion by releasing hormones, such as somatostatin, which inhibit acid production.
5. Dysfunction or damage to foveolar cells can lead to conditions like gastritis, peptic ulcers, and an increased risk of gastric cancer.

Review Questions

• Describe the primary function of foveolar cells in the stomach.
  • The primary function of foveolar cells is to secrete a thick, protective mucus layer that covers the entire surface of the stomach. This mucus acts as a barrier, shielding the delicate stomach lining from the corrosive effects of gastric acid. The mucus also contains bicarbonate ions that help neutralize the acidity of the stomach contents, further protecting the underlying tissue.
• Explain the role of foveolar cells in the regulation of gastric acid secretion.
  • In addition to their mucus-secreting function, foveolar cells also play a role in the regulation of gastric acid secretion. These cells release hormones, such as somatostatin, which inhibit the production of gastric acid by parietal cells. This regulatory mechanism helps maintain the appropriate balance of acid in the stomach, preventing excessive acidity that could damage the gastric mucosa.
• Discuss the potential consequences of dysfunction or damage to foveolar cells in the stomach.
  • Dysfunction or damage to foveolar cells can lead to several gastrointestinal conditions. If the protective mucus layer is compromised, the stomach lining becomes more susceptible to the damaging effects of gastric acid, potentially resulting in gastritis, peptic ulcers, and an increased risk of gastric cancer. Additionally, disruption of the regulatory mechanisms involving foveolar cells can contribute to an imbalance in gastric acid production, further exacerbating these pathological conditions.

Related terms

Gastric Pits: Small depressions or invaginations in the surface of the stomach lining, where foveolar cells are located.

Mucus:

A viscous, slippery substance secreted by foveolar cells that forms a protective barrier on the stomach lining, shielding it from the harsh acidic environment.

Gastric Glands: Tubular structures in the stomach wall that contain various cell types, including foveolar cells, responsible for the production of digestive enzymes and hormones.