Active transport is a process by which cells move molecules across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, utilizing energy (ATP). This mechanism allows cells to maintain concentration differences of certain substances essential for their functions.
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ATP is the primary energy carrier in all living organisms, used by cells as a coenzyme to transfer energy for various processes including active transport.
A concentration gradient refers to the gradual difference in the concentration of solutes in a solution between two regions, which drives diffusion and active transport processes.
The cell membrane is a biological barrier that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment, regulating the passage of substances in and out of cells