An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, characterized by a sour taste and the ability to turn blue litmus paper red. Acids play vital roles in various physiological processes, such as digestion and the maintenance of body pH.
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A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, on a scale ranging from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic).
Hydrogen ion (H+): A positively charged ion or proton that acids release into solutions, which fundamentally contribute to the acidity of the solution.