Herman Melville

Definition

Herman Melville was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet best known for his novel 'Moby-Dick', which explores themes of obsession, revenge, and the struggle against nature. His works often reflect the complexities of human experience and society, making him a key figure in American literature during the 19th century and a significant contributor to both historical fiction and Civil War literature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Melville's literary career began with adventure tales inspired by his own experiences at sea, but he later shifted towards more complex narratives that examined deeper philosophical questions.
2. 'Moby-Dick' was published in 1851 but received mixed reviews and did not gain widespread recognition until decades after Melville's death.
3. His later works, including 'The Confidence-Man' and 'Billy Budd', reflect a more cynical view of humanity and society, capturing the turbulent spirit of his time.
4. Melville's engagement with historical events, such as his maritime experiences during whaling expeditions, provided a rich backdrop for exploring themes relevant to American identity.
5. His influence extended beyond his lifetime, impacting later authors like Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner, who admired his narrative style and thematic depth.

Review Questions

• How do Melville's themes in 'Moby-Dick' relate to the historical context of his time?
  • 'Moby-Dick' grapples with themes of obsession and man's struggle against nature, reflecting the uncertainties of the mid-19th century. The whaling industry was booming, symbolizing America's expansionist spirit, yet Melville also critiques this relentless pursuit of wealth. The tension between civilization and nature can be seen as a commentary on America's relationship with its own identity during a time of social change.
• In what ways did Melville's writing style contribute to the development of historical fiction?
  • Melville's rich narrative techniques and complex characterizations blurred the lines between fact and fiction, allowing readers to engage with historical events on a deeper emotional level. His ability to weave real-life maritime adventures into fictional accounts helped shape early forms of historical fiction by emphasizing not only the events but also the psychological dimensions of those involved. This innovative approach paved the way for future writers to explore history through a more personal lens.
• Evaluate Melville's impact on American literature concerning Civil War literature and how his themes resonate within that context.
  • Melville's works foreshadowed many themes found in Civil War literature, such as existential angst and the moral complexities of human nature. His focus on individual struggle against overwhelming forces mirrors the soldiers' experiences during the war. Additionally, Melville's exploration of societal issues reflects the tensions leading up to the Civil War, making him a precursor to later writers who directly addressed these conflicts. His literary legacy continues to resonate in contemporary discussions about identity and morality in times of national crisis.

Related terms

Moby-Dick: 'Moby-Dick' is Melville's most famous work, depicting Captain Ahab's obsessive quest for vengeance against the white whale that destroyed his ship and severed his leg.

Bartleby, the Scrivener: A short story by Melville that highlights themes of isolation and passive resistance through the character of Bartleby, who refuses to conform to societal expectations.

Transcendentalism: A philosophical movement that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s, emphasizing individual intuition and the inherent goodness of people and nature, influencing Melville's thoughts and writings.