Common Sense is a philosophical and rhetorical concept that emphasizes the ability of individuals to use reason and judgment based on shared human experiences and basic understanding. It played a pivotal role in shaping political discourse, particularly during revolutionary movements, by advocating for ideas that resonate with the general populace's perceptions and sentiments. This concept is essential in understanding the emergence of democratic ideals and the justification of social contracts during periods of political upheaval.
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Thomas Paine's pamphlet 'Common Sense' was published in 1776 and argued for American independence from British rule, using clear and accessible language.
Paine's work resonated widely because it appealed to the average person’s reasoning, challenging the legitimacy of monarchy and advocating for self-governance.
The pamphlet sold over 500,000 copies within months, becoming one of the most influential texts in American revolutionary history.
Paine emphasized that government should be based on the consent of the governed, reflecting Enlightenment ideals about democracy and individual rights.
'Common Sense' laid the groundwork for the Declaration of Independence by articulating the colonies' grievances and aspirations for liberty.
Review Questions
How did Thomas Paine use common sense in his arguments to persuade colonists toward independence?
Thomas Paine employed common sense as a rhetorical device in his pamphlet to make complex political ideas relatable to ordinary people. He argued against monarchy by highlighting its absurdity and advocating for self-governance, stating that it was only reasonable for the colonies to break away from British rule. By framing his arguments in a straightforward manner, Paine effectively connected with a broad audience, encouraging them to see independence as not only necessary but also sensible.
In what ways did common sense reflect Enlightenment philosophy regarding individual rights and governance?
Common sense mirrored Enlightenment philosophy by emphasizing the importance of reason and rational thought in political discourse. It supported the notion that government derives its power from the consent of the governed, aligning with the Enlightenment belief in natural rights—life, liberty, and property. By arguing that individuals have the right to challenge unjust authority, Paine’s work contributed to a broader understanding of democracy as a system based on rational discourse rather than inherited power.
Evaluate the impact of common sense on American political thought and its relevance today in contemporary democratic movements.
The impact of common sense on American political thought was profound, as it laid a foundational understanding of democracy rooted in rationality and individual rights. Its emphasis on accessible reasoning shaped how future generations approached political debate and reform. Today, common sense continues to resonate in democratic movements around the world, reminding us that effective governance should be based on shared human experiences and logical argumentation rather than elitism or authoritarianism. This legacy encourages ongoing dialogue about justice, equity, and citizen participation in governance.
Related terms
Natural Rights: Rights that are inherent and not contingent upon laws or beliefs; these include life, liberty, and property, fundamental to Enlightenment thinkers.
Social Contract: An implicit agreement among members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, often discussed by Enlightenment philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau.
Revolutionary Rhetoric: The use of persuasive language and arguments to inspire change or rebellion against authority, particularly prominent in the context of the American Revolution.