Mount Kilimanjaro

Definition

Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest peak in Africa, reaching an elevation of approximately 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above sea level. It is a dormant stratovolcano located in Tanzania and is renowned for its unique ecological zones that range from tropical rainforests to arctic conditions at its summit.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mount Kilimanjaro is often described as a 'free-standing' mountain because it rises dramatically from the surrounding plains without any mountain range nearby.
2. The mountain features several ecological zones including cultivated land, rainforest, heath, moorland, alpine desert, and an arctic summit region.
3. Kilimanjaro's glaciers and ice fields are rapidly melting due to climate change, raising concerns about the future of its ecosystems and tourism.
4. The mountain attracts thousands of trekkers and climbers each year, making it one of the most popular climbing destinations in the world.
5. The first successful ascent of Mount Kilimanjaro was achieved in 1889 by Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller via the Marangu route.

Review Questions

• How does Mount Kilimanjaro's diverse ecological zones contribute to its significance in African geography?
  • Mount Kilimanjaro's diverse ecological zones showcase a wide range of climates and vegetation types, which are a result of its elevation and unique geographical location. From tropical rainforests at the base to arctic conditions at the summit, this diversity supports various plant and animal species adapted to each zone. This variety not only highlights the mountain's importance in terms of biodiversity but also plays a key role in regional climate patterns and water sources for surrounding areas.
• Evaluate the impact of climate change on Mount Kilimanjaro’s glaciers and how it affects the surrounding environment.
  • Climate change is causing significant melting of Mount Kilimanjaro’s glaciers, which has implications for both the local ecosystem and communities that rely on its water resources. The reduction in glacier mass affects river flows and could lead to water shortages for agriculture and domestic use in nearby regions. Additionally, as temperatures rise, the shift in ecological zones could threaten endemic species and disrupt the balance of flora and fauna that depend on the mountain's diverse habitats.
• Synthesize information about Mount Kilimanjaro’s role in tourism and conservation efforts in Tanzania.
  • Mount Kilimanjaro serves as a vital source of tourism revenue for Tanzania, attracting climbers from around the world eager to reach its summit. This influx not only supports local economies but also raises awareness about conservation issues affecting the mountain’s ecosystems. In response to environmental concerns, efforts are being made through Kilimanjaro National Park to promote sustainable tourism practices that minimize ecological impact while preserving this iconic landmark for future generations. The interplay between tourism and conservation reflects the challenges and opportunities faced by regions with natural wonders like Kilimanjaro.

Related terms

Stratovolcano: A type of volcano characterized by a conical shape and explosive eruptions, formed from multiple layers of hardened lava and tephra.

Ecological Zones: Distinct areas on the mountain that support different types of vegetation and wildlife, influenced by factors such as altitude, temperature, and precipitation.

Kilimanjaro National Park: A protected area surrounding Mount Kilimanjaro, established to conserve its unique ecosystems and biodiversity while also promoting tourism.