Overlap

Definition

Overlap refers to the interaction between atomic orbitals on different atoms that leads to the formation of a covalent bond. The degree of overlap determines the strength and stability of the bond.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Greater orbital overlap results in stronger covalent bonds.
2. Sigma bonds ($\sigma$) are formed by head-on overlapping of orbitals.
3. Pi bonds ($\pi$) are formed by sideways overlap of p-orbitals.
4. Overlap can occur between s, p, and hybrid orbitals like sp, sp2, and sp3.
5. Effective overlap requires proper orientation and compatible energy levels of interacting orbitals.

Review Questions

Related terms

Sigma Bond:

$\sigma$ bond involves head-on overlapping of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis.

Pi Bond: $\pi$ bond involves sideways overlapping of parallel p-orbitals above and below the internuclear axis.

Hybridization:

The process where atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for pairing electrons to form chemical bonds.