Hydraulic jumps occur when fast, shallow water suddenly slows down and gets deeper. This dramatic change causes turbulence and energy loss. The jump's intensity depends on the upstream flow speed, measured by the Froude number.
Rapidly varied flow happens when water depth changes quickly over a short distance. This occurs in structures like spillways and weirs. Understanding these flows is crucial for designing safe and efficient hydraulic structures in water management systems.
Hydraulic Jumps
Formation of hydraulic jumps
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Different Types of Flow - Supercritical and Subcritical Flow - TIB AV-Portal View original
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Top images from around the web for Formation of hydraulic jumps
Different Types of Flow - Supercritical and Subcritical Flow - TIB AV-Portal View original
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Different Types of Flow - Supercritical and Subcritical Flow - TIB AV-Portal View original
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Hydraulic jumps form when supercritical flow transitions to subcritical flow
Supercritical flow has a Froude number (Fr) greater than 1, characterized by high velocity and low depth
Subcritical flow has a Froude number (Fr) less than 1, characterized by low velocity and high depth
Key characteristics of hydraulic jumps include:
Sudden increase in water surface elevation (height of the jump)
Substantial energy dissipation caused by intense turbulence and mixing within the jump
Development of a roller (a recirculating flow region) and eddy currents near the surface
Formation of hydraulic jumps influenced by factors such as: