Eyewitness Testimony:Eyewitness testimony refers to an individual's account of an event they witnessed. It can be crucial in criminal investigations but can also be prone to errors due to various factors such as memory distortion or biases.
Confirmation Bias:Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to interpret information in a way that confirms their preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. In the context of police officers mistakenly identifying innocent people as criminals, confirmation bias may cause them to focus on evidence that supports their initial suspicion while ignoring contradictory information.
Perceptual Bias: Perceptual bias refers to the tendency of individuals' perceptions to be influenced by their own beliefs, expectations, or prior experiences. When police officers rely heavily on perceptual biases, it can lead them to inaccurately perceive innocent individuals as criminals based on certain cues or characteristics.