Melatonin:A hormone released by the brain's pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles. During adolescence, melatonin production tends to shift, leading to delayed sleep onset.
Circadian Rhythm:The internal biological clock that regulates various physiological processes over a 24-hour cycle. During adolescence, circadian rhythms are naturally shifted towards later bedtimes and wake-up times.
Puberty:The stage of development during which individuals become capable of sexual reproduction. Hormonal changes during puberty can influence sleep patterns, including the tendency to stay up late and sleep in.