Coronal mass ejections (CMEs): CMEs are massive eruptions on the sun's surface that release huge amounts of plasma into space. When they interact with Earth's magnetosphere, they can cause geomagnetic storms.
Magnetosphere: The magnetosphere is the region around a planet where its magnetic field dominates over external magnetic fields, such as those carried by solar wind.
Heliosphere: The heliosphere is a vast bubble-like region surrounding the sun, created by the solar wind. It extends far beyond the orbit of Pluto and acts as a protective shield against cosmic rays.