Equivalent Resistance:Equivalent resistance is the single resistance value that can replace multiple resistors connected in series without changing the overall behavior of the circuit.
Voltage Divider Rule: The voltage divider rule states that the voltage across each resistor in a series circuit is proportional to its resistance value.
Kirchhoff's Laws: Kirchhoff's Laws are fundamental principles used to analyze electrical circuits. They include Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), which help determine voltages and currents at different points within a circuit.