Name: Units 2-3: Foundations of Argument
Uploaded: 2020-04-24T01:00:00.000Z
Description: In this AP Lang Cram session, we look at Units 2-3 with how to use Classical Argumentation to structure the essay overall and how to use Toulmin's Model for building better body paragraphs.

AP English Language

Develop effective exam skills that will help you tackle the free response and multiple choice questions of AP English Language and Composition exam. We'll also give you useful tips and tricks for writing strong essays and answering MCQs with speed and accuracy.

Exam Skills

Frequently Asked Questions

AP Cram Sessions 2021

Unit 1 – Claims, Reasoning, & Evidence

Unit 2 – Organizing Information for a Specific Audience

Unit 3 – Perspectives & How Arguments Relate

Unit 4 – How writers develop arguments, intros, & conclusions

Unit 5 – How a writer brings all parts of an argument together

Unit 6 – Position, Perspective, & Bias

Unit 7 – Successful & Unsuccessful Arguments

Unit 8 – Stylistic Choices

Unit 9 – Developing a Complex Argument

Live Cram Sessions 2019

Live Cram Sessions 2020

Study Tools

Previous Exam Prep

In this AP Lang Cram session, we look at Units 2-3 with how to use Classical Argumentation to structure the essay overall and how to use Toulmin's Model for building better body paragraphs.

AP English Language Free Response Rhetorical Analysis for Abraham Lincoln

Setup

Guidelines

Text

AP English Language Free Response Argument for Helen Keller

AP English Language Free Response Synthesis for Artificial Intelligence

Document 1 (Bossman)

Document 2 (Katz, Cartoon)

Document 3 (Russell)

Document 4 (Yang)

Document 5 (Shead)

Document 6 (Straub)

Synthesis 1 (Artificial Intelligence)

AP English Language Free Response Rhetorical Analysis for Sojourner Truth

AP English Language Free Response Argument for Thomas Jefferson

AP English Language Free Response Synthesis for Universal Basic Income

Document 1 (Amadeo)

Document 2 (Baker, Cartoon)

Document 3 (Weissman)

Document 4 (Heller)

Document 5 (Goldin)

Document 6 (Sandler)

Synthesis 2 (Universal Basic Income)

Score Higher on AP Language 2024: Tips for FRQ 3 (Argument)

Multiple Choice Practice for Reasoning and Organization

Answers and Review for Multiple Choice Practice on Reasoning and Organization

Multiple Choice Practice for Style

Answers and Review for Multiple Choice Practice on Style

Answers and Review for Multiple Choice Practice on Rhetoric  

Multiple Choice Practice for Rhetoric 

Multiple Choice Practice for Claims and Evidence

Answers and Review for Multiple Choice Practice on Claims and Evidence

What is the Rhetorical Analysis Essay?

Rhetorical Analysis Rubric for Scoring

The Rhetorical Analysis FRQ is out of 6 Points

Evidence and Commentary (4 points) 📂

Sophistication (1 point) 👓

Timing ⏳

How to Maximize Your Time⌚

FAQ 🙋

Other Tips and Tricks

Rhetorical Analysis Example Essay Prompt

Overview of the Synthesis Question

How to Rock the Synthesis Question: The Rubric

How to Rock the Synthesis Question - Process

Unit 1: Foundations of Rhetoric

Week 1: Overview

Week 2: Rhetorical ASPECTS

Week 3: Visual Rhetoric

Week 4: Close Reading and Analysis

Week 5: The Rhetorical Analysis 

Unit 2: Analyzing and Writing about Rhetoric

Week 6: Author’s Purpose and Audience Movement

Week 7: Claims and Evidence

Week 8: Point Winning Thesis Statements

Week 9: The Rhetorical Precis Framework

Week 10: The Writing 

Unit 3: Foundations of Argument

Week 11: Basic Elements of Argument

Unit 7: Reasoning and Complex Argumentation

Week 12: Argument Structure

Week 13: Tracking the Line of Reasoning

Week 14: Addressing the Counterargument

Week 15: Practice with Quick Debates

Unit 4: Reasoning and Organization

Week 16: Modes of Development

Week 17: Framing Commentary and Analysis

Week 18: Selecting and Embedding Evidence

Week 19: Confluence with the Rhetorical Analysis (FRQ 2)

Week 20: Confluence with the Argument (FRQ 3)

Unit 5-6: Style and Sophistication

Week 21: Taking Rhetorical Risks

Week 22: Focus on Diction and Syntax

Unit 8: Synthesizing Ideas

Week 23: Entering the Conversation

Unit 9: FRQ Blitz

Week 24-25

Week 26-27

Week 28-29

Week 30: Sample Test and Personalized Remediation

Rockin’ the AP Lang MC Questions

Facts to know about AP Lang MCQs

Question Formatting on the Exam 

What you can expect when you start to read your questions

Question Style

Types of Reading Questions 

Types of Writing Questions 

Test-Taking Tips

Tips for the AP Language Multiple- Choice questions: 

General Tips for MCQs

Sample Questions

Key Terms

REHUGO: 

Guided Question 1: What does the prompt say? 📝

Guided Question 2: What do I think? 💡

Guided Question 3: What evidence can I use? 🤔

Guided Question 4: How should I effectively organize my response? 📈

Sample Outline:

Argument Essay: Evidence 

Essential Knowledge 

1.1 Identifying the purpose and intended audience of a text

1.2 Examining how evidence supports a claim

1.3 Developing paragraphs as part of an effective argument

Unit 1 Overview: Claims, Reasoning, and Evidence

What is Purpose?

Identifying the Purpose

What is Intended Audience?

Identifying the Intended Audience

Identifying the purpose and intended audience of a text

What is a Claim?

What is Evidence?

How Does Evidence Support a Claim?

Examining how evidence supports a claim

What is the Purpose of Paragraphs?

Paragraph Structure

What is an Effective Argument?

How to Develop Paragraphs as part of an Effective Argument

Developing paragraphs as part of an effective argument

Why is this Unit Important?

Essential Knowledge

2.1 Analyzing audience and its relationship to the purpose of an argument

2.2 Building an argument with relevant and strategic evidence

2.3 Developing thesis statements

2.4 Developing structure and integrating evidence to reflect a line of reasoning

Unit 2 Overview: Organizing Information for a Specific Audience

Words to Remember

How to Analyze Audience

Relationship between the Audience and Purpose in an Argument

Analyzing audience and its relationship to the purpose of an argument

What is Relevant and Strategic Evidence?

How can I Build an Argument with Relevant and Strategic Evidence?

Building an argument with relevant and strategic evidence

What is a Thesis Statement?

How to Develop a Thesis Statement

Developing thesis statements

What is the Structure of an Argument?

How to Develop Structure

How to Integrate Evidence to Reflect a Line of Reasoning

Developing structure and integrating evidence to reflect a line of reasoning

Identifying and describing different claims or lines of reasoning

Identifying and avoiding flawed lines of reasoning

Introducing and integrating sources and evidence

Using sufficient evidence for an argument

Attributing and citing references

Developing parts of a text with cause-effect and narrative methods

Unit 3 Overview: Perspectives and How Arguments Relate

What is line of reasoning?

Identifying line of reasoning

Applying identifying line of reasoning 

Interpreting character description and perspective

What is a flawed line of reasoning?

How to avoid using flawed lines of reasoning

Applying identifying flawed line of reasoning 

Why is introducing evidence seamlessly important?

How to introduce evidence

How can we identify good use of introducing evidence?

How can this be applied to the sample text seen above?

Tips when Incorporating Evidence

Finding Evidence that Supports Your Claim

Why is important to cite evidence?

How do we cite our scources?

What is cause-effect?

What is narration?

Text Samples

What are arguments, introductions and conclusions?

Why are they important?

Developing and connecting thesis statements and lines of reasoning

Developing introductions and conclusions

Developing parts of a text with comparison–contrast and definition–description methods

Units 2-3: Foundations of Argument

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Units 2-3: Foundations of Argument

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