Social Welfare Programs:These are government initiatives designed to support citizens' well-being by providing financial assistance, healthcare, and other services.
Dependency Ratio: This term refers to the ratio between the working-age population (15-64 years) and those who are either younger or older. A high dependency ratio indicates a larger burden on the workforce to support dependents.
Pension System Reform: It involves changes made by governments in response to an aging population, aiming to ensure sustainability and adequacy of pension benefits while addressing demographic shifts.