Political Efficacy:Political efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to understand and influence politics. It can be either internal (believing one can personally make a difference) or external (believing politicians will respond to citizens' needs).
Political Alienation: Political alienation occurs when individuals feel disconnected or estranged from mainstream politics due to feelings of powerlessness or disillusionment.
Accountability:Accountability refers to holding elected officials responsible for their actions and decisions. It ensures that leaders are answerable to the public and face consequences for any wrongdoing.