Birth Rate: The birth rate is the number of births per 1,000 individuals in a population over a specific period of time.
Death Rate: The death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in a population over a specific period of time.
Immigration/Emigration: Immigration refers to individuals moving into a new country or region, while emigration refers to individuals leaving their current country or region. Both immigration and emigration can impact population change.