Polypeptide chain

Definition

A polypeptide chain is a sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, forming the primary structure of proteins. It folds into specific shapes to become functional proteins.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Polypeptide chains are synthesized by ribosomes during the process of translation.
2. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain determines its final three-dimensional structure and function.
3. Peptide bonds between amino acids are formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction.
4. Polypeptide chains can undergo post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or glycosylation, which affect their function.
5. Denaturation can unravel polypeptide chains, leading to loss of protein function.

Review Questions

• What type of bond links amino acids in a polypeptide chain?
• How does the sequence of amino acids influence the function of a polypeptide chain?
• What happens to a polypeptide chain during denaturation?

Related terms

Amino Acid:

An organic molecule that serves as the building block for proteins.

Peptide Bond:

A covalent bond that links two consecutive amino acid residues in a polypeptide.

Translation:

The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using mRNA as a template.