Translation

Definition

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using mRNA as a template. It involves decoding the genetic information contained in mRNA to produce a specific polypeptide chain.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2. The process requires mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal subunits.
3. Translation involves three main stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
4. Amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain via peptide bonds during elongation.
5. The anticodon of tRNA pairs with the codon of mRNA to ensure correct amino acid incorporation.

Review Questions

• What are the three main stages of translation?
• How do tRNAs contribute to protein synthesis during translation?
• Where does translation occur within a cell?

Related terms

mRNA:

Messenger RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

tRNA:

Transfer RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation.

Ribosome:

Molecular machine made up of rRNA and proteins where translation takes place.