Reducing refers to the act of decreasing or lessening something, such as negative stimuli or aversive experiences. It involves taking steps to diminish the intensity, frequency, or duration of a particular stimulus.
Negative reinforcement is when a behavior is strengthened by removing or avoiding an unpleasant stimulus.
Punishment refers to applying an aversive consequence in order to decrease the likelihood of a behavior repeating.
Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior no longer receives reinforcement, leading to a decrease in its occurrence over time.