Declaration Of Independence

Definition

The Declaration of Independence is a historic document adopted on July 4, 1776, that announced the American colonies' separation from British rule. This document articulates the fundamental principles of individual rights and the concept of government deriving its authority from the consent of the governed, which are central ideals of democracy and foundational to the United States' political philosophy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Declaration of Independence was primarily authored by Thomas Jefferson but also involved contributions from John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and others.
2. The document asserts that governments are created to secure rights and can be altered or abolished if they fail to do so.
3. It famously states that 'all men are created equal,' establishing a foundation for civil rights and equality in America.
4. The Declaration was adopted by the Continental Congress after significant debate and is seen as a radical statement of freedom and equality.
5. The signing of the Declaration on July 4th is celebrated annually in the United States as Independence Day.

Review Questions

• How did the Declaration of Independence reflect Enlightenment ideas, particularly regarding natural rights and governance?
  • The Declaration of Independence strongly reflects Enlightenment ideas through its emphasis on natural rights and the concept of government based on the consent of the governed. It asserts that individuals possess inherent rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, which aligns with Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke. The document argues that when a government fails to protect these rights, citizens have the authority to alter or abolish it, embodying the social contract philosophy.
• Evaluate the impact of the Declaration of Independence on subsequent democratic movements both in America and worldwide.
  • The Declaration of Independence had a profound impact on democratic movements both in America and around the world. It inspired various groups seeking freedom and equality, serving as a model for other nations in their struggles against colonialism and oppression. The ideals articulated in the Declaration have influenced countless revolutions and constitutions globally, embedding principles of democracy, human rights, and self-governance into political thought.
• Critique how well the Declaration of Independence has lived up to its principles in American history, particularly concerning issues of equality and civil rights.
  • While the Declaration of Independence boldly proclaims that 'all men are created equal,' its application has been inconsistent throughout American history. Initially, this principle did not extend to women, enslaved people, or Indigenous populations. Over time, various civil rights movements have sought to hold the nation accountable to its founding ideals, pushing for legal reforms and social change. The ongoing struggle for equality highlights both the power and limitations of the Declaration as a living document that shapes American values and aspirations.

Related terms

Natural Rights:

Inherent rights that every individual possesses, including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, which were emphasized in the Declaration of Independence.

Thomas Jefferson:

The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, who articulated Enlightenment ideas and laid the groundwork for American political thought.

Social Contract:

A theory that individuals consent to form a government to protect their rights and maintain order, which underpins the rationale for independence presented in the Declaration.