key term - Conservatism Arises

Definition

Conservatism arises as a political and social philosophy that emphasizes the preservation of traditional institutions, practices, and values. In the aftermath of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, conservative thinkers and leaders sought to restore stability and order by advocating for a hierarchical society, monarchy, and the importance of religion in governance. This ideology became foundational in shaping the political landscape of Europe during the 19th century, particularly within the framework of the Concert of Europe.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Conservatism emerged prominently in response to the radical changes brought about by the French Revolution, which many conservatives viewed as a threat to social order and stability.
2. Key figures such as Edmund Burke argued for gradual change and reform rather than abrupt upheaval, believing that tradition was vital for societal continuity.
3. The Concert of Europe, established after the Napoleonic Wars, was instrumental in promoting conservative policies among major powers to maintain a balance of power and prevent revolutionary movements.
4. Conservative principles were often enshrined in policies that emphasized monarchy, aristocracy, and a strong central authority as a means to preserve order.
5. The rise of conservatism influenced various European revolutions throughout the 19th century as conservative leaders sought to suppress liberal and nationalist movements that challenged traditional power structures.

Review Questions

• How did conservatism respond to the changes brought about by the French Revolution?
  • Conservatism arose as a reaction to the upheaval created by the French Revolution. Many conservatives believed that the revolution undermined traditional social structures and led to chaos. They advocated for the restoration of monarchies and emphasized the importance of maintaining established institutions to ensure stability and continuity within society.
• Analyze how the Concert of Europe reflected conservative ideals in its approach to international relations.
  • The Concert of Europe was characterized by its commitment to conservative principles aimed at maintaining a balance of power and preventing any one nation from dominating. By promoting cooperation among monarchies and resisting revolutionary movements, this diplomatic framework reflected conservative ideals. The member states sought to suppress liberal uprisings and protect traditional governance structures, exemplifying their collective opposition to radical change.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of conservatism's rise on European politics in the 19th century and beyond.
  • The rise of conservatism had profound long-term implications for European politics. It set up a continuous struggle between conservative and liberal ideologies, influencing policies and political movements throughout the 19th century. Conservatives often reacted strongly against emerging nationalist sentiments, leading to conflicts that shaped modern European nations. The emphasis on tradition versus progress created tensions that would eventually culminate in significant political transformations, including the emergence of various ideologies like socialism and liberalism in response to conservative dominance.

Related terms

Liberalism:

A political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, democracy, and free-market principles, often contrasting with conservative beliefs.

Nationalism:

A political ideology that promotes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often leading to the desire for national independence or unification.

Reactionary: A term used to describe individuals or groups who seek to return to a previous state of society or government, opposing modern reforms.