key term - Glasnost

Definition

Glasnost, meaning 'openness' in Russian, was a policy introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid-1980s aimed at increasing transparency and freedom of information within the Soviet Union. This approach encouraged public discussion and criticism of the government, as well as a more open attitude towards foreign relations, playing a crucial role in reshaping the political landscape and society in the context of a new world order after the Cold War.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Glasnost was officially introduced in 1986 and was part of Gorbachev's broader reform agenda that included perestroika.
2. The policy led to increased freedom of speech and the press, allowing citizens to express their opinions about the government more freely than ever before.
3. As a result of glasnost, previously suppressed issues such as historical grievances and social problems began to surface, leading to widespread public discourse.
4. Glasnost also played a significant role in reducing censorship and enabling greater access to information, which helped to expose corruption and inefficiencies in the Soviet system.
5. The openness fostered by glasnost contributed to nationalist movements within various Soviet republics, ultimately accelerating the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Review Questions

• How did glasnost influence public opinion and political discourse within the Soviet Union during the late 1980s?
  • Glasnost significantly shifted public opinion by encouraging citizens to express their views openly without fear of repression. It allowed for previously taboo topics, such as government policies and historical events, to be openly discussed. This newfound openness created an environment where citizens could challenge authorities and demand change, ultimately leading to greater political awareness and involvement among the populace.
• In what ways did glasnost interact with other reforms like perestroika to reshape Soviet society?
  • Glasnost complemented perestroika by creating an environment conducive to economic reform. While perestroika aimed at restructuring the economy for better efficiency, glasnost provided the necessary transparency that allowed citizens to critique economic policies and highlight inefficiencies. Together, these reforms promoted a more engaged citizenry that sought not only economic improvements but also greater political freedoms.
• Evaluate the long-term impacts of glasnost on post-Soviet states and their transition toward democracy or nationalism.
  • The long-term impacts of glasnost were profound, as it initiated a process of democratization across post-Soviet states. The openness encouraged by glasnost gave rise to national identities and movements within various republics seeking independence or greater autonomy from Moscow's control. As these regions embraced newfound freedoms, many transitioned towards democracy, while others experienced political instability fueled by ethnic tensions, ultimately reshaping the geopolitical landscape of Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

Related terms

Perestroika:

A policy initiated by Gorbachev that focused on economic restructuring in the Soviet Union to improve efficiency and encourage innovation.

Cold War:

The prolonged period of political tension and military rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States, marked by ideological conflicts and proxy wars.

Democratization: The process of transitioning from a non-democratic regime to a democratic political system, which was influenced by glasnost in the Soviet Union.