key term - Adhesion

Definition

Adhesion is the tendency of different substances to cling together due to attractive forces at their surfaces. This phenomenon is crucial in various processes involving water, as it plays a significant role in the behavior of liquids, influencing how they interact with other materials and surfaces.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Adhesion is responsible for water's ability to stick to surfaces, such as glass, which is important for processes like wetting and spreading.
2. In biological systems, adhesion helps in the movement of water through plant tissues by allowing water to adhere to cell walls.
3. Adhesive forces can be stronger than cohesive forces, which explains why water can travel upward in narrow tubes despite gravity.
4. Different materials have varying adhesive properties with water; for example, hydrophilic surfaces promote strong adhesion, while hydrophobic surfaces resist it.
5. The presence of adhesive forces contributes to phenomena such as dew formation, where water droplets adhere to surfaces in cooler temperatures.

Review Questions

• How does adhesion interact with cohesion in determining the behavior of water on various surfaces?
  • Adhesion and cohesion work together to determine how water behaves on different surfaces. Adhesion causes water molecules to cling to other materials, such as glass or plant cells, while cohesion allows water molecules to stick together. This interaction leads to unique behaviors like forming droplets on smooth surfaces or moving through tiny spaces in plants via capillary action. Both forces are crucial in understanding how water interacts with its environment.
• Discuss the importance of adhesion in biological systems, particularly in plant physiology.
  • Adhesion plays a vital role in biological systems, especially in plants. It allows water to adhere to cell walls and move through plant tissues effectively. This adhesion is essential for processes like nutrient uptake and transpiration, where water travels from roots to leaves. The interaction between adhesion and cohesion also facilitates capillary action, enabling plants to transport water against gravity through narrow vessels.
• Evaluate the effects of different surface materials on adhesive properties with water and their implications for food science applications.
  • Different surface materials exhibit varying adhesive properties with water, significantly impacting food science applications. For example, hydrophilic surfaces, like those found in certain food packaging or cooking utensils, enhance adhesion, promoting better moisture retention and preventing leaks. In contrast, hydrophobic surfaces can lead to less desirable outcomes such as poor mixing or separation of ingredients. Understanding these properties is critical for designing effective food storage solutions and ensuring optimal interactions during cooking and processing.

Related terms

Cohesion: Cohesion refers to the attraction between molecules of the same substance, which contributes to the formation of liquid drops and surface tension.

Surface Tension:

Surface tension is the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid, caused by cohesive forces among liquid molecules at the surface.

Capillary Action:

Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces against external forces, like gravity, due to the combination of adhesion and cohesion.