Adhesion

Definition

Adhesion is the process by which pathogens attach themselves to the cells of the host. This is a critical initial step in the establishment of an infection.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Adhesion is mediated by surface molecules called adhesins that bind to specific receptors on host cells.
2. Common adhesins include fimbriae, pili, and glycocalyx structures like capsules and slime layers.
3. The specificity of adhesion can determine the tissue tropism (preference for certain tissues) of a pathogen.
4. Adhesion can trigger host immune responses and may lead to inflammation or tissue damage.
5. Some pathogens use multiple adhesion mechanisms to increase their ability to colonize the host.

Review Questions

• What role do adhesins play in microbial pathogenicity?
• Which structures are commonly involved in bacterial adhesion?
• How does adhesion influence tissue tropism for pathogens?

Related terms

Fimbriae:

Hair-like appendages on bacteria that help in attachment to surfaces.

Glycocalyx: A sticky layer surrounding some bacterial cells that aids in adherence and protection.

Receptors: Specific molecules on host cell surfaces that bind to pathogen adhesins.