Phenotype

Definition

Phenotype is the observable characteristics or traits of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genetic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors. These traits can include physical features, biochemical properties, and behavior.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phenotypes can be influenced by mutations in the genome, which may alter protein function and thus observable traits.
2. The phenotype is not solely determined by genotype; environmental influences play a significant role in phenotypic expression.
3. Phenotypic variation within a population can drive natural selection and evolution.
4. In microbiology, phenotypes can include antibiotic resistance, metabolic capabilities, and morphology.
5. Genetic techniques such as PCR and DNA sequencing are used to study the relationship between genotype and phenotype.

Review Questions

• How do environmental factors influence an organism's phenotype?
• What is the relationship between mutations in the genome and changes in phenotype?
• Why is phenotypic variation important for evolution and natural selection?

Related terms

Genotype:

The genetic constitution of an organism that determines its specific traits.

Mutation:

A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism’s DNA, which can lead to altered protein function or regulation.

Natural Selection:

The process where organisms with favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their genetic traits to future generations.