Microbiology

Definition

Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It focuses on understanding their structure, function, and role in various environments.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Microorganisms are classified into different groups based on their cellular structure and function: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea.
2. Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms that can be found in various environments; they can be beneficial or pathogenic.
3. Viruses are acellular entities that require a host to replicate and can infect all types of life forms.
4. Fungi include yeasts and molds; they play significant roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling but can also cause diseases.
5. Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes that often live in water or as parasites within other organisms.

Review Questions

• What are the main types of microorganisms studied in microbiology?
• How do viruses differ from bacteria in terms of their structure and replication?
• What roles do fungi play in ecosystems?

Related terms

Bacteriology: The study of bacteria, including their classification, structure, and function.

Virology: The branch of microbiology that deals with the study of viruses.

Mycology:

The scientific study of fungi.