Adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped endocrine glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline that help regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress.
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Adrenal glands consist of two parts: the cortex (outer part) and the medulla (inner part), each responsible for different hormone productions.
The adrenal cortex produces corticosteroids such as cortisol, which plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation and immune responses.
Autoimmune disorders like Addison's disease can occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the adrenal cortex, leading to insufficient hormone production.
Cushing's syndrome is another condition related to adrenal gland dysfunction, often caused by excessive production of cortisol.
The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines, including adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), which are essential for the body's 'fight or flight' response.
Review Questions
What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex and what are their primary functions?
How do autoimmune disorders affect the adrenal glands?
What is Cushing's syndrome and how is it related to adrenal gland function?
Related terms
Cortisol: A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates metabolism and immune response.
Addison's Disease: An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the adrenal cortex, resulting in insufficient hormone production.
Catecholamines: Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla, including adrenaline and noradrenaline, that prepare the body for physical activity.