Adrenal glands

Definition

Adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones that regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, and stress responses.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The adrenal glands consist of two main parts: the cortex and the medulla.
2. The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
3. The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines like adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine).
4. Cortisol helps regulate metabolism and immune response while aldosterone controls blood pressure by managing sodium and potassium levels.
5. Disorders of the adrenal glands include Addison's disease (underproduction of hormones) and Cushing's syndrome (overproduction of cortisol).

Review Questions

• What are the two main parts of the adrenal glands?
• Which hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
• What is the role of cortisol in the body?

Related terms

Cortisol:

A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates metabolism and immune response.

Aldosterone:

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps control blood pressure by managing sodium and potassium levels.

Catecholamines:

Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, involved in stress response.