🥸intro to psychology review

key term - Belmont Report

Definition

The Belmont Report is a seminal document that outlines the ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects in research. It was developed in response to a series of unethical research practices that came to light in the 1970s, and it serves as a foundational framework for the ethical conduct of research involving human participants.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The Belmont Report was published in 1979 by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research.
  2. The three core ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report are respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
  3. Respect for persons includes the recognition of individual autonomy and the protection of those with diminished autonomy, such as children or individuals with cognitive impairments.
  4. The principle of beneficence requires researchers to maximize benefits and minimize potential harms to research participants.
  5. The principle of justice emphasizes the fair and equitable selection of research participants, as well as the fair distribution of the risks and benefits of research.

Review Questions

  • Explain how the principle of respect for persons is reflected in the Belmont Report's guidelines for informed consent.
    • The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons is directly reflected in the requirement for informed consent. This principle recognizes the autonomy of research participants and requires that they be fully informed about the nature, risks, and benefits of the research study. Participants must then voluntarily agree to participate, demonstrating their capacity to make a free and informed decision. The informed consent process upholds the ethical obligation to respect the rights and dignity of research participants.
  • Describe how the Belmont Report's principle of beneficence is applied in the context of minimizing potential harms to research participants.
    • The Belmont Report's principle of beneficence requires researchers to maximize the benefits and minimize the potential harms to research participants. This involves a careful assessment of the risks and potential benefits of the research, and the implementation of safeguards to protect participants from undue harm. Researchers must weigh the risks and benefits of the study, and ensure that the potential benefits outweigh the risks. This principle also requires researchers to monitor the study closely and be prepared to intervene or discontinue the research if unanticipated harms arise.
  • Analyze how the Belmont Report's principle of justice is applied in the selection of research participants and the distribution of the risks and benefits of research.
    • The Belmont Report's principle of justice emphasizes the fair and equitable selection of research participants, as well as the fair distribution of the risks and benefits of research. This principle requires researchers to carefully consider who is selected to participate in a study, ensuring that certain groups are not unfairly burdened or excluded from research opportunities. Additionally, the principle of justice dictates that the risks and benefits of research should be distributed fairly, rather than disproportionately impacting vulnerable or disadvantaged populations. Researchers must strive to ensure that the selection of participants and the distribution of research outcomes uphold the ethical obligation of justice.