Fundamental frequency

Definition

Fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency at which a system oscillates. It is also known as the first harmonic and serves as the basis for higher harmonics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 1. The fundamental frequency is determined by the physical properties of the oscillator, such as length, tension, and mass density.
2. 2. In a standing wave pattern, the fundamental frequency corresponds to the simplest mode of vibration.
3. 3. The relationship between wavelength ($\lambda$) and fundamental frequency ($f_0$) can be expressed as $v = f_0 \lambda$, where $v$ is the wave speed.
4. 4. For a string fixed at both ends, the fundamental frequency can be calculated using $f_0 = \frac{1}{2L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}}$, where $L$ is the length of the string, $T$ is the tension, and $\mu$ is the linear mass density.
5. 5. Fundamental frequency plays a crucial role in musical instruments and acoustic engineering for determining pitch and sound quality.

Review Questions

• What factors determine the fundamental frequency of an oscillating system?
• How does changing the tension of a string affect its fundamental frequency?
• In what way does fundamental frequency relate to higher harmonics in a standing wave?

Related terms

Harmonics: Overtones or multiples of the fundamental frequency that occur at integer multiples of it.

Standing Wave: A wave pattern that remains stationary within a medium due to interference between two waves traveling in opposite directions.

Resonance: The phenomenon where an object vibrates at its natural frequencies when subjected to periodic forces matching those frequencies.