Battery
Definition
A battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. It typically has a positive (cathode) and negative (anode) terminal.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- Batteries operate based on redox reactions, where oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction occurs at the cathode.
- The standard notation for a galvanic cell (battery) includes the anode on the left and the cathode on the right, separated by two vertical lines representing the salt bridge.
- $E^\circ_{cell}$, the standard cell potential, is calculated using $E^\circ_{cell} = E^\circ_{cathode} - E^\circ_{anode}$.
- Primary batteries are non-rechargeable, while secondary batteries can be recharged multiple times.
- Common types of batteries include alkaline, lead-acid, lithium-ion, and nickel-cadmium.
Review Questions
- What are the roles of the anode and cathode in a battery?
- How do you calculate the standard cell potential ($E^\circ_{cell}$) for a given battery?
- What is the main difference between primary and secondary batteries?
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Related terms
Anode: The electrode at which oxidation occurs in a battery.
Cathode: The electrode at which reduction occurs in a battery.
$E^\circ_{cell}$: Standard cell potential; it quantifies the voltage difference between two half-cells under standard conditions.
