key term - Battle of Little Bighorn

Definition

The Battle of Little Bighorn, fought on June 25-26, 1876, was a significant conflict between the United States Army and a coalition of Native American tribes, primarily the Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne. This battle marked a pivotal moment in the larger struggles between Native Americans and European settlers, highlighting resistance against U.S. expansion and military action against Indigenous peoples.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Battle of Little Bighorn was part of the Great Sioux War, which was triggered by U.S. expansion into territories guaranteed to Native Americans by treaties.
2. The U.S. Army was led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, who underestimated the size and resolve of the Native American forces.
3. Custer's 7th Cavalry was decisively defeated, resulting in one of the most significant Native American victories against U.S. forces during this period.
4. The battle occurred near the Little Bighorn River in Montana and involved thousands of Native American warriors from multiple tribes joining forces.
5. Despite their victory at Little Bighorn, Native Americans ultimately faced increased military pressure, leading to further loss of land and autonomy.

Review Questions

• How did the events leading up to the Battle of Little Bighorn reflect the broader conflicts between Native Americans and European settlers?
  • The events leading up to the Battle of Little Bighorn were deeply rooted in rising tensions over land rights and broken treaties. As European settlers encroached on territories designated for Native American tribes, conflicts escalated. The U.S. government's attempts to force tribes onto reservations intensified resistance efforts, leading to coalitions among different tribes against U.S. military forces, as seen in this battle. The clash at Little Bighorn illustrated how Indigenous peoples were fighting not just for their land but also for their way of life.
• Evaluate the significance of Custer's tactics during the Battle of Little Bighorn and how they contributed to his forces' defeat.
  • Custer's tactics at Little Bighorn were characterized by impulsiveness and a lack of adequate reconnaissance. He divided his forces into smaller units without understanding the strength and positioning of the Native American warriors. This decision led to being overwhelmed by a larger coalition force. Custer's underestimation of his opponent's numbers and fighting capabilities ultimately resulted in a devastating defeat for his regiment, which became emblematic of military overreach during this era.
• Analyze the long-term implications of the Battle of Little Bighorn for U.S.-Native American relations in the following decades.
  • The Battle of Little Bighorn had profound long-term implications for U.S.-Native American relations. Initially celebrated as a victory for Indigenous peoples, it galvanized U.S. military response, leading to more aggressive campaigns against Native Americans. In the aftermath, many tribes faced intensified pressure to relocate to reservations, losing more land and sovereignty. The battle became a symbol of Indigenous resistance but also foreshadowed a period where military solutions dominated U.S. policy towards Native Americans, contributing to further marginalization and loss.

Related terms

Custer's Last Stand:

A term often used to describe the final stand of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer and his troops during the Battle of Little Bighorn, where they faced overwhelming numbers of Native American warriors.

Great Sioux War:

A series of conflicts between the United States and various Native American tribes, including the Lakota Sioux, over land rights and resources, which culminated in the Battle of Little Bighorn.

Indian Wars:

A broad term that refers to a series of conflicts between Native American tribes and European settlers or the U.S. government from the colonial period through the late 19th century.