🏺early world civilizations review

key term - Ethics

Definition

Ethics refers to the principles and values that govern an individual's or group's behavior, determining what is considered right or wrong, good or bad. It often involves the systematic study of moral values and rules, and plays a critical role in shaping philosophical thought, scientific inquiry, and artistic expression throughout history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Ethics in ancient Greek philosophy often revolved around questions of virtue and the good life, with philosophers like Socrates emphasizing the importance of self-examination and moral inquiry.
  2. Plato's 'Republic' discusses justice and the ideal state, proposing that ethical conduct is essential for societal harmony and individual well-being.
  3. Aristotle introduced the concept of eudaimonia, often translated as 'flourishing' or 'the good life,' suggesting that ethics is tied to achieving one's full potential through virtuous living.
  4. In addition to philosophy, ethics has played a vital role in the development of scientific methodology, ensuring that research adheres to moral standards concerning human and animal subjects.
  5. Artistic expression in ancient Greece often reflected ethical dilemmas and human experiences, prompting audiences to consider moral questions related to fate, justice, and virtue.

Review Questions

  • How did Greek philosophers like Socrates contribute to our understanding of ethics?
    • Greek philosophers such as Socrates contributed significantly to our understanding of ethics by promoting the practice of questioning moral beliefs and seeking deeper understanding through dialogue. Socrates emphasized the importance of self-examination and rational thought in determining what constitutes a good life. His approach encouraged individuals to reflect on their values and actions, leading to a more nuanced understanding of morality that laid the groundwork for future philosophical discussions.
  • In what ways did Aristotle's concept of virtue ethics differ from other ethical theories prevalent in Greek philosophy?
    • Aristotle's concept of virtue ethics differed from other ethical theories by focusing on the character and virtues of the individual rather than solely on the consequences of actions or adherence to rules. He believed that cultivating virtues leads to eudaimonia, or a flourishing life, which emphasizes personal growth and moral development. This contrasts with theories like utilitarianism, which prioritize outcomes over individual character, showcasing a more holistic approach to ethics.
  • Evaluate the impact of ethical considerations on scientific inquiry during the Greek era and how these ideas have evolved over time.
    • Ethical considerations had a significant impact on scientific inquiry during the Greek era, as philosophers like Aristotle emphasized the importance of observing natural phenomena while adhering to moral principles. Over time, these ideas have evolved into formalized ethical guidelines for conducting research, ensuring respect for human and animal rights. Today, ethics in science continues to be crucial as it shapes policies surrounding research integrity, informed consent, and the responsible use of technology, reflecting society's growing commitment to balancing knowledge advancement with moral responsibility.