Biological Chemistry II
Second messengers are small, intracellular signaling molecules that transmit signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell, ultimately leading to a cellular response. They play a critical role in signal transduction pathways, amplifying and relaying the signals initiated by first messengers, like hormones or neurotransmitters. This process often involves the covalent modification of enzymes, which can be activated or deactivated in response to these second messengers.
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