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key term - Second Bank of the United States

Definition

The Second Bank of the United States was a national bank chartered in 1816 that aimed to stabilize the economy by regulating currency and managing federal funds. It played a crucial role in the financial system, particularly during the early 19th century, as it sought to address issues of inflation and economic instability while also balancing state and federal powers.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The Second Bank was established following the War of 1812 to help restore financial stability after a period of inflation and economic turmoil.
  2. The bank's charter was for 20 years, and it was given significant powers, including the ability to issue currency and manage federal funds.
  3. Andrew Jackson vehemently opposed the Second Bank, viewing it as a corrupt institution that favored wealthy elites over common citizens.
  4. In 1832, Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Second Bank, which ultimately led to its closure in 1836 when its charter expired.
  5. The fallout from the closure of the Second Bank contributed to financial instability and a series of economic crises, including the Panic of 1837.

Review Questions

  • How did the Second Bank of the United States attempt to address economic issues in the early 19th century?
    • The Second Bank of the United States was created to stabilize the economy after the financial chaos following the War of 1812. It aimed to regulate currency and manage federal funds, addressing problems such as inflation and providing a uniform national currency. By controlling credit and fostering a stable banking environment, the bank sought to promote economic growth and ensure financial security.
  • What were Andrew Jackson's main arguments against the Second Bank, and how did his opposition reflect broader tensions regarding federal power?
    • Andrew Jackson argued that the Second Bank was an undemocratic institution that concentrated power in the hands of a wealthy elite while neglecting the needs of ordinary citizens. He believed it undermined state sovereignty and posed a threat to individual liberties. His opposition reflected broader tensions between advocates of federal power and those who favored states' rights, contributing to ongoing debates about the role of government in economic matters.
  • Evaluate the long-term impacts of Andrew Jackson's decision to veto the recharter of the Second Bank on the American economy and political landscape.
    • Jackson's veto had significant long-term effects on both the American economy and political landscape. The closure of the Second Bank led to increased speculation and risky banking practices, culminating in financial panics such as that of 1837. Politically, Jackson's actions strengthened his populist image while deepening divisions between Democrats and their opponents. This shift contributed to a more volatile economic environment and paved the way for future reforms in banking and finance.