🌍ap world history: modern review

key term - Indian National Congress

Definition

The Indian National Congress (INC) is a political party in India that played a crucial role in the struggle for independence from British colonial rule. Formed in 1885, the INC became the principal organization representing Indian interests and aspirations, leading to significant movements against colonial policies and shaping the political landscape of newly independent India.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The Indian National Congress was established to provide a platform for educated Indians to voice their concerns and seek political reforms under British rule.
  2. In the early 20th century, the INC evolved from a moderate organization seeking reform to a mass movement demanding complete independence from British rule.
  3. The INC's adoption of nonviolent resistance strategies, particularly through Gandhi's leadership, garnered significant national and international support.
  4. The party faced internal divisions between moderates and radicals, which influenced its strategies and goals during the independence movement.
  5. After gaining independence in 1947, the INC became the dominant political party in India, shaping its constitution and governance structure.

Review Questions

  • How did the Indian National Congress evolve from its inception in 1885 to becoming a mass movement for independence?
    • Initially formed as a platform for educated Indians to seek reforms under British rule, the Indian National Congress evolved significantly over time. By the early 20th century, it shifted from a moderate approach to a more radical stance demanding complete independence. This change was influenced by growing discontent with British policies and the incorporation of mass participation through leaders like Gandhi, who emphasized nonviolent resistance and mobilized millions to join the struggle for freedom.
  • Analyze the impact of Gandhi's leadership on the strategies employed by the Indian National Congress during the fight for independence.
    • Gandhi's leadership had a profound impact on the strategies of the Indian National Congress as he introduced nonviolent civil disobedience as a core principle. His philosophy encouraged mass mobilization across diverse sections of society, fostering unity among various groups against colonial rule. This approach not only distinguished the INC from other nationalist movements worldwide but also attracted international attention and support, ultimately strengthening India's position in its quest for independence.
  • Evaluate the role of the Indian National Congress in shaping post-colonial India and its governance structure after gaining independence in 1947.
    • The Indian National Congress played a pivotal role in shaping post-colonial India by becoming the dominant political party after independence in 1947. The INC was instrumental in drafting India's constitution, promoting democratic principles and social justice while addressing the diverse needs of its population. However, its governance was not without challenges, including managing communal tensions post-Partition and addressing economic disparities, all of which significantly influenced India's trajectory as an emerging nation-state.