🇪🇺ap european history review

key term - Age of Constitutionalism

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Definition

The Age of Constitutionalism refers to a period during the late 17th and 18th centuries when constitutional government became increasingly popular in Europe, marking a significant shift away from absolute monarchy towards a system that emphasized the rule of law and individual rights. This era was characterized by the establishment of constitutional frameworks that limited the powers of rulers and laid the groundwork for modern democratic governance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The Age of Constitutionalism saw the development of important documents like the English Bill of Rights (1689) and various constitutional frameworks across Europe.
  2. Philosophers such as John Locke and Montesquieu played pivotal roles in advocating for ideas about government accountability and separation of powers during this period.
  3. The Glorious Revolution in England (1688) was a key event that solidified constitutionalism, leading to the establishment of parliamentary sovereignty.
  4. The Age of Enlightenment influenced constitutionalism by promoting rational thought, individual liberties, and skepticism towards absolute authority.
  5. Countries such as France and the United States adopted constitutional models inspired by Enlightenment ideals, contributing to revolutionary movements and the decline of monarchies.

Review Questions

  • How did the Age of Constitutionalism contrast with absolutism, and what implications did this have for European governance?
    • The Age of Constitutionalism contrasted sharply with absolutism by promoting the idea that rulers should be bound by laws that limit their powers, emphasizing individual rights and governmental accountability. This shift encouraged the establishment of constitutional frameworks that restricted arbitrary authority and provided mechanisms for citizens to challenge governmental actions. The implications were profound, as it led to the gradual decline of absolute monarchies in favor of parliamentary systems, shaping modern governance.
  • Discuss how Enlightenment thinkers influenced the principles underlying constitutionalism during this era.
    • Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and Montesquieu significantly influenced constitutionalism by advocating for ideas such as natural rights, the separation of powers, and checks and balances. Their writings emphasized that government should protect individual liberties and operate with the consent of the governed. These principles were foundational in forming constitutional frameworks that sought to prevent tyranny and ensure that power remained with the people rather than an absolute monarch.
  • Evaluate the impact of the Age of Constitutionalism on revolutionary movements in Europe and America in the late 18th century.
    • The Age of Constitutionalism had a profound impact on revolutionary movements in both Europe and America, as it provided a philosophical foundation for challenging oppressive regimes. The American Revolution (1775-1783) was heavily influenced by Enlightenment ideas about governance and individual rights, leading to the creation of a constitution that enshrined these principles. Similarly, the French Revolution (1789) drew inspiration from constitutionalist ideals, ultimately resulting in efforts to establish a republic that reflected Enlightenment values. These revolutions not only transformed their respective nations but also inspired future movements across Europe, promoting ideals of democracy and civil rights worldwide.