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Exons are the sections of DNA that are transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. They contain the actual genetic information coding for protein synthesis.
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Introns: These are non-coding regions of DNA within a gene; they are transcribed into RNA but not translated into protein.
Coding Sequence: This is a sequence of codons in DNA or RNA, which results in a particular amino acid sequence when translated.
Gene Expression: This is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product (like proteins).