Hawaiian Musical Instruments to Know for Hawaiian Studies

Hawaiian musical instruments reflect the rich cultural heritage of the islands. Each instrument, from the ukulele to the pahu, plays a vital role in traditional music and hula, showcasing the deep connection between music, nature, and Hawaiian identity.

1. Ukulele

   • A small, four-stringed instrument that originated in Hawaii, derived from the Portuguese braguinha.
   • Popularized in the early 20th century, it became a symbol of Hawaiian music and culture.
   • Played in various styles, from traditional Hawaiian to contemporary pop, showcasing its versatility.

2. Ipu (gourd drum)

   • Made from a hollowed-out gourd, often used in hula performances and traditional Hawaiian music.
   • Produces a deep, resonant sound that complements vocal and instrumental music.
   • Can be played with hands or sticks, allowing for a range of rhythmic patterns.

3. Pahu (sharkskin drum)

   • A large, cylindrical drum traditionally made from a hollowed tree trunk and covered with sharkskin.
   • Used in hula and ceremonial music, it holds significant cultural and spiritual importance.
   • Its deep, powerful sound is essential for accompanying chants and dances.

4. Kāʻekeʻeke (bamboo pipes)

   • A set of bamboo pipes of varying lengths, producing different pitches when blown into.
   • Often used in traditional Hawaiian music and hula, adding melodic elements to performances.
   • Represents the connection between nature and music, as bamboo is a natural resource in Hawaii.

5. Pūʻili (split bamboo sticks)

   • Consists of two long, split bamboo sticks that are struck together to create rhythmic sounds.
   • Commonly used in hula performances to accentuate movements and enhance the musical experience.
   • The sound produced is sharp and percussive, adding a dynamic layer to traditional music.

6. ʻUlīʻulī (feathered gourd rattle)

   • A gourd rattle filled with small pebbles or seeds, adorned with feathers for visual appeal.
   • Used in hula and other performances to provide rhythm and enhance the overall sound.
   • Represents the blending of natural materials and artistry in Hawaiian culture.

7. ʻOhe hano ihu (nose flute)

   • A simple flute played by blowing through the nose, creating soft, melodic sounds.
   • Traditionally used in intimate settings, often for love songs or personal expression.
   • Reflects the unique cultural practices of Hawaiian music, emphasizing breath control and technique.

8. ʻIliʻili (stone castanets)

   • Made from smooth, rounded stones that are struck together to produce a clicking sound.
   • Used in hula and traditional music to provide rhythm and enhance dance movements.
   • Represents the use of natural materials in Hawaiian musical instruments.

9. Kālaʻau (rhythm sticks)

   • Two wooden sticks that are struck together to create rhythmic patterns.
   • Often used in hula and other performances to keep time and add percussive elements.
   • Simple yet effective, they highlight the importance of rhythm in Hawaiian music.

10. Kīkā kī hōʻalu (slack-key guitar)

    • A unique style of guitar playing that involves tuning the strings to create a relaxed, open sound.
    • Originated in Hawaii and is characterized by fingerpicking techniques and melodic improvisation.
    • Represents the fusion of Hawaiian and Western musical traditions, showcasing cultural evolution.