Principles of Physics IV
A beta particle is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron that is emitted from a nucleus during the process of beta decay. This decay occurs when a neutron in the nucleus transforms into a proton, releasing an electron (beta-minus decay) or when a proton is converted into a neutron, emitting a positron (beta-plus decay). Beta particles play an important role in nuclear reactions and help to balance the nuclear forces within an atom.
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