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key term - Dative Bond

Citation:

Definition

A dative bond, also known as a coordinate covalent bond, is a type of covalent bond where one of the bonded atoms donates both of the shared electrons to the other atom. This type of bond is commonly observed in Lewis acid-base interactions, where the Lewis acid accepts a pair of electrons from the Lewis base, forming a dative bond.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Dative bonds are commonly observed in the formation of complex ions, such as the ammonium ion (NH$_{4}^{+}$) and the hydronium ion (H$_{3}$O$^{+}$).
  2. The formation of a dative bond results in a formal positive charge on the atom that accepts the electron pair, while the atom that donates the electron pair has a formal negative charge.
  3. Dative bonds are typically weaker than regular covalent bonds, but they play an important role in the stability of many chemical structures.
  4. The concept of dative bonds is central to the Lewis definition of acids and bases, where the Lewis acid accepts a pair of electrons from the Lewis base.
  5. Understanding dative bonds is crucial for predicting the structures and reactivity of many organic and inorganic compounds.

Review Questions

  • Explain the key features of a dative bond and how it differs from a regular covalent bond.
    • A dative bond, or coordinate covalent bond, is a type of covalent bond where one of the bonded atoms donates both of the shared electrons to the other atom. This differs from a regular covalent bond, where the shared electrons are equally contributed by both atoms. In a dative bond, the atom that accepts the electron pair has a formal positive charge, while the atom that donates the electron pair has a formal negative charge. Dative bonds are typically weaker than regular covalent bonds, but they play an important role in the stability of many chemical structures.
  • Describe the relationship between dative bonds and the Lewis definition of acids and bases.
    • The concept of dative bonds is central to the Lewis definition of acids and bases. In this definition, a Lewis acid is an atom or molecule that can accept a pair of electrons, forming a dative bond with a Lewis base. The Lewis base is the atom or molecule that can donate a pair of electrons to the Lewis acid. This electron pair donation results in the formation of a dative bond, which is a key feature of many acid-base interactions in chemistry.
  • Analyze the significance of dative bonds in the stability and reactivity of chemical compounds.
    • Dative bonds play a crucial role in the stability and reactivity of many chemical compounds. The formation of dative bonds can contribute to the overall stability of complex ions and other chemical structures by allowing for the sharing of electron pairs. Additionally, the relative strength and directionality of dative bonds can influence the reactivity of compounds, as they can affect the accessibility of reactive sites and the ease with which other bonds can be formed or broken. Understanding the role of dative bonds is essential for predicting and explaining the behavior of a wide range of organic and inorganic substances.

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