X-rays

Definition

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with high energy and short wavelengths. They are capable of penetrating most substances, making them useful in medical imaging and microbial studies.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. X-rays can cause mutations in microbial DNA by inducing breaks and alterations in the genetic material.
2. In microbiology, X-rays are used as a physical method to control microbial growth by damaging their cellular structures.
3. Exposure to X-rays can lead to the formation of free radicals, which further damage microbial cells.
4. High doses of X-rays can be lethal to microorganisms, making it an effective sterilization technique for certain materials.
5. X-ray irradiation is often used in combination with other methods to ensure comprehensive microbial control.

Review Questions

• How do X-rays induce mutations in microbial DNA?
• Why are X-rays considered an effective method for controlling microbial growth?
• What role do free radicals play in the effectiveness of X-ray irradiation on microorganisms?

Related terms

Electromagnetic Radiation: A type of energy that includes visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and X-rays.

Free Radicals:

Highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons that can cause cellular damage.

Sterilization:

The process of eliminating all forms of life, including microorganisms, from an object or environment.