Toxins are poisonous substances produced by microorganisms, plants, or animals. In the context of microbiology, they can cause damage to host tissues and disrupt normal bodily functions.
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Toxins can be classified into exotoxins and endotoxins based on their origin and mechanism of action.
Exotoxins are proteins secreted by bacteria that can cause damage to specific tissues or organs.
Endotoxins are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that release harmful effects when the bacteria die and break down.
Common bacterial toxins affecting the gastrointestinal tract include botulinum toxin, cholera toxin, and Shiga toxin.
Detection and neutralization of toxins are crucial for treating bacterial infections in the digestive system.
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Exotoxin: A protein secreted by bacteria that causes damage to specific tissues or organs.