Mitochondria

Definition

Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that generate most of the cell's supply of ATP, used as a source of chemical energy. They also play roles in other processes such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mitochondria have their own DNA, which is separate from the nuclear DNA and resembles bacterial DNA.
2. They are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell due to their role in ATP production.
3. Mitochondria have a double-membrane structure, with the inner membrane folded into cristae to increase surface area for ATP production.
4. They are involved in regulating programmed cell death (apoptosis).
5. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally, meaning it comes exclusively from the mother.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
• How does mitochondrial DNA differ from nuclear DNA?
• Why are mitochondria considered important in studies of genetics and inheritance?

Related terms

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate):

The primary molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells.

Cristae:

The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane which increase its surface area.

Apoptosis:

The process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.