Cholera

Definition

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is primarily transmitted through contaminated water or food.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Vibrio cholerae produces a toxin that causes the cells lining the intestines to release increased amounts of water, leading to severe diarrhea.
2. The disease can progress rapidly and lead to dehydration and shock if not treated promptly.
3. Cholera outbreaks are often linked to inadequate water treatment, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene.
4. Treatment typically involves rehydration solutions, either oral or intravenous, to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
5. Vaccines are available for cholera and can provide protection for travelers or people living in areas where cholera is common.

Review Questions

• What bacterium causes cholera and how does it affect the intestines?
• How is cholera typically transmitted?
• What are the primary methods for treating cholera?

Related terms

Vibrio_cholerae: The bacterium responsible for causing cholera.

Toxin: A poisonous substance produced by certain organisms that can cause disease.

Oral_Rehydration_Solution (ORS): A fluid replacement used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially due to diarrhea.