Black Death

Definition

The Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It led to profound disruptions in society, economics, and demography.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Black Death is primarily caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which infects the lymphatic system leading to swollen lymph nodes or 'buboes'.
2. Transmission primarily occurs through flea bites from infected rodents, but can also spread via respiratory droplets in pneumonic form.
3. Symptoms include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes (buboes), often leading to septicemia and death if untreated.
4. During the 14th century pandemic, it is estimated that between 25-50 million people died in Europe alone.
5. Modern antibiotics are effective against Yersinia pestis if administered promptly; however, without treatment, the mortality rate remains high.

Review Questions

• What bacterium causes the Black Death and how does it typically spread?
• Describe at least three symptoms associated with an infection by Yersinia pestis.
• Why is prompt antibiotic treatment crucial for those infected with Yersinia pestis?

Related terms

Bubonic Plague: A form of plague characterized by swollen lymph nodes (buboes) caused by Yersinia pestis.

Septicemic Plague: A form of plague where Yersinia pestis infects the bloodstream directly causing severe sepsis.

Pneumonic Plague: A highly contagious form of plague where Yersinia pestis infects the lungs and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets.