Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Definition

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy carrier in cells, facilitating various biochemical reactions. It consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ATP is produced during cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
2. The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP releases energy used by cells.
3. ATP is essential for muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
4. Enzymes like ATP synthase are crucial for its production in the mitochondria.
5. ATP can be regenerated from ADP through phosphorylation processes.

Review Questions

• What are the components of ATP?
• How does ATP release energy for cellular activities?
• Name two processes where ATP is crucially involved.

Related terms

ADP: Adenosine diphosphate, a molecule formed when ATP loses one phosphate group.

Cellular Respiration: A metabolic process that produces ATP by breaking down glucose.

ATP Synthase:

An enzyme that creates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during oxidative phosphorylation.