Linear Algebra and Differential Equations
The Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality states that for any vectors \( extbf{u} \) and \( extbf{v} \) in an inner product space, the absolute value of their inner product is less than or equal to the product of their magnitudes. This can be expressed mathematically as \( |\langle extbf{u}, extbf{v} \rangle| \leq || extbf{u}|| imes || extbf{v}|| \). This inequality not only plays a critical role in proving other mathematical concepts but also establishes the notion of orthogonality between vectors, emphasizing their geometric relationships in space.
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