key term - U.S. Interventionism

Definition

U.S. interventionism refers to the foreign policy approach where the United States actively engages in the affairs of other countries, often through military, economic, or political means, to influence outcomes in favor of its interests. This strategy became especially prominent in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the Spanish-American War marking a significant turning point, as it led to U.S. territorial expansion and the establishment of American influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Spanish-American War in 1898 marked a pivotal moment for U.S. interventionism, as it resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
2. Following the war, the United States emerged as a global power with newfound responsibilities, often justified by the idea of promoting democracy and stability in other nations.
3. The Platt Amendment of 1901 allowed for U.S. intervention in Cuba's affairs, reinforcing American dominance in the Caribbean after Cuba gained independence from Spain.
4. U.S. interventionism often faced criticism for undermining sovereignty and leading to long-term consequences in countries like Cuba and the Philippines, where American control replaced Spanish rule.
5. The legacy of U.S. interventionism continues to influence American foreign policy today, as it raises questions about national interests versus moral obligations in international relations.

Review Questions

• How did the Spanish-American War influence the development of U.S. interventionism?
  • The Spanish-American War significantly influenced U.S. interventionism by marking America's transition into a global power that actively engaged in foreign conflicts. The war resulted in the acquisition of territories such as Puerto Rico and the Philippines, which expanded U.S. influence beyond its borders. This shift not only demonstrated military capability but also set a precedent for future interventions aimed at promoting American interests and maintaining stability in regions close to home.
• Analyze how the Roosevelt Corollary reshaped U.S. foreign policy towards Latin America following the Spanish-American War.
  • The Roosevelt Corollary reshaped U.S. foreign policy by explicitly asserting the right to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain order and protect American interests. This policy built on the Monroe Doctrine by reinforcing U.S. dominance in the region and establishing a precedent for future interventions. It justified actions like military interventions and economic support as necessary measures to stabilize nations deemed unable to manage their affairs, fundamentally altering America's role in Latin America.
• Evaluate the long-term impacts of U.S. interventionism on Latin American nations post-Spanish-American War.
  • The long-term impacts of U.S. interventionism on Latin American nations have been profound and complex, often resulting in political instability and economic dependency. Interventions frequently undermined local governance and led to resentment against American influence, creating cycles of conflict and rebellion. Moreover, these actions fostered a legacy of distrust towards U.S. motives, complicating diplomatic relations and shaping national identities within these countries, which continue to feel the repercussions of this historical context today.

Related terms

Monroe Doctrine:

A U.S. policy established in 1823 that warned European powers against further colonization or interference in the Americas, asserting a sphere of influence over Latin America.

Roosevelt Corollary:

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine articulated by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, stating that the U.S. could intervene in Latin American nations to stabilize economic affairs and prevent European intervention.

Gunboat Diplomacy: A foreign policy practice where a nation uses the threat of military force to achieve its diplomatic goals, often seen in U.S. interventions during the early 20th century.