key term - Cisplatin

Definition

Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication used primarily to treat various types of cancer, including testicular, ovarian, bladder, and lung cancers. It works by interfering with the DNA replication process in cancer cells, ultimately leading to cell death. This drug is categorized as an alkylating agent, which means it can form covalent bonds with DNA, disrupting cellular functions and inhibiting tumor growth.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cisplatin was first approved for clinical use in 1978 and has since become a cornerstone in cancer chemotherapy regimens.
2. This drug is administered intravenously and has a dose-dependent schedule that can affect its efficacy and toxicity.
3. Common side effects of cisplatin include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and myelosuppression, which is a decrease in bone marrow activity leading to reduced blood cell production.
4. Cisplatin can cause serious electrolyte imbalances, especially hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia, requiring careful management of patients during treatment.
5. Resistance to cisplatin can develop over time due to various mechanisms in cancer cells, prompting research into combination therapies and newer platinum-based compounds.

Review Questions

• How does cisplatin interfere with cancer cell function and what are the implications for treatment?
  • Cisplatin interferes with cancer cell function by forming covalent bonds with DNA, leading to cross-linking that inhibits DNA replication and transcription. This disruption triggers cell death pathways, making it effective against rapidly dividing cancer cells. Understanding this mechanism helps in designing combination therapies that can enhance the effectiveness of cisplatin by targeting different pathways in cancer cells.
• Discuss the significance of monitoring renal function in patients receiving cisplatin therapy.
  • Monitoring renal function is crucial for patients receiving cisplatin therapy due to the drug's potential nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin can cause acute kidney injury by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation within renal tissues. Regular assessments of kidney function through serum creatinine levels and urine output are essential to adjust dosages appropriately and prevent serious complications while maximizing therapeutic benefits.
• Evaluate the role of combination therapy involving cisplatin in improving treatment outcomes for cancer patients.
  • Combination therapy involving cisplatin plays a significant role in improving treatment outcomes by leveraging synergistic effects with other anticancer agents. By using cisplatin alongside targeted therapies or other chemotherapeutics, clinicians can overcome resistance mechanisms that cancer cells may develop against single-agent treatments. This approach not only enhances the overall efficacy of treatment regimens but also allows for tailored strategies based on the specific tumor characteristics and patient responses.

Related terms

Alkylating agents:

A class of chemotherapy drugs that work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer cells.

Nephrotoxicity: A potential side effect of cisplatin characterized by kidney damage or impairment, which necessitates careful monitoring during treatment.

Combination therapy: The use of multiple medications or treatment modalities together to enhance therapeutic effectiveness and minimize resistance in cancer treatment.